People have practised natural medicine for centuries before modern technology, and it is still used throughout the world for health promotion and for the treatment of diseases. Medicinal plants are more affordable than conventional medicine, easy to obtain, more cost-effective, has fewer side effects, and they utilise the body’s natural healing process, especially succulents.
It is important to remember that you should always double-check with your doctor before consuming anything new for your body. Also, refrain from using any pesticides or any harmful chemicals on your plants because you don’t want any of those chemicals in or on your body.
Sempervivum tectorum
Common name:
House leek, Hens and chickens
This low
growing rosette-forming succulent, from native Europe, has juice and leaves which
have been used in folk remedies for centuries. It has anti-inflammatory,
diuretic (increases the amount of water and is expelled from the body as urine)
and astringent (helps body tissues to shrink) properties. Sempervivum is
firstly famous for its skin treatment like burns, sunburn, swelling, scratches,
insect bites and abrasions by using the juicy fluid from the leaves. Secondly,
for earache. Here you can use cotton wool, soaked in the juice of the leaves of
Sempervivum, and leave it in the ear for several hours. For side effects, please
note some people can be allergic.
Interestingly,
Romans used to plant Sempervivum in front of the windows of their houses
because they believed the plant was a love medicine.
Portulaca afra
Common name:
Spekboom
This wonder plant of South Africa has leaves which are thirst-quenching and will help with over-exhaustion, heatstroke and dehydration. This is a helpful trick for hikers and mountain climbers as this shrub occur naturally on rocky hillsides in the Karoo. The leaf is chewed and sucked and can also be used as a treatment for sore throats and mouth infections. Rubbing the leaf juice over blisters and corns helps to soothe and heal them too. The antiseptic leaf juicy is also good for treating acne, rashes, insect bites and sunburn.
Additionally, these succulents are a valuable stock food and can be used in your salad.
Crassula ovata
Common name:
Jade Plant, Lucky Plant
Crassula ovata
is not a major alternate medicinal plant but is recommended for warts. A leaf is
cut open and the moist flesh is bound over the wart for several days with a
plaster over it. Should the treatment be successful, the wart will fall off. It
is also used for treating corns.
Cotyledon
orbiculata
Common name:
Plakkie, Pig’s Ear
The leaves of this beautiful grey-leaved shrub with its orange-red tubular flower can be pulped and hot water poured over it, then drained and used as a poultice (a soft, moist mass applied to the body and kept in place with a cloth) for drawing infection out of wounds and sores. You can also place a piece of the leave that has been scraped, over a wart and secure it with a plaster for up to 2 weeks. This treatment softens the wart and the wart should fall out. Warmed leaves applied to boils, abscesses, corns and also blisters can also be treated.
Crassula muscosa
Common name:
Lizard Tail, Skoenveterplakkie
This highly
recognisable plant with its exciting architectural leaves and minute yellow
flowers during summer are medicinally used to treat abdominal pain and
diarrhoea. Infusions of the plant can be made but must be used sparingly.
Always remember it can be dangerous to use succulents as medicine
without the supervision of someone who knows what he or she is doing, or
without the knowledge of your doctor. I hope everybody will look with new eyes at
succulents.
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With the growing interest in plant-based remedies as a source for commercial products, such as medicinal and beauty products, I started thinking back to my childhood. Growing up on a farm, plants were an integral part of our lives, especially succulents. We always took long walks through the veld and so got to know the wild plants. We learnt their names (or rather their common names), and their use in and around our house. Names like “agdaegeneesbosie” or “khakibos” were well known and well used in and around our home. My parents both were avid gardeners and over the years taught us to see the beauty of each flower, leaf and seed. They inspired us to observe and to appreciate. From the older workers on the farm, we learned how to use and recognise plants for medicinal uses. Such as the Aloe species, Carpobrotus (sour fig) or Cotyledon (pig’s ears).
Traditional medicine is the oldest form of health care in the world. It is used in the prevention and treatment of illnesses. The study of plants (ethnobotany = study of plants by local people) is still relatively new in South Africa. However, it needs documentation before it is lost for future generations. South Africa is exceptionally rich in plant diversity with many people using a wide variety of plants daily for medicine and other necessities of life.
Writing about the medicinal use of succulents is not necessarily to encourage people to use them as medicine, but to encourage people to look with new eyes at our succulents. Also, to awaken more respect for these easy to grow plants and the role they play in people’s daily lives.
ALWAYS remember it can be dangerous to use veld medicine without the supervision
of someone who knows what they are doing. Untold harm can be done if dosages
and plants are not correctly used or identified.
Let’s start with the humble Aloe species, well known to all of us and also easy to find.
Aloe vera
Easy to grow!
Aloe vera is easy to grow and has been known for it’s healing properties for hundreds of years. It has been used to help to treat wounds, haemorrhoids, sunburn and digestive issues. Aloe vera plants are always a big favourite with gardeners because of its beauty, and also for its use in the house. These days its juice is used in cosmetics and personal care products such as soap, shaving cream, and suntan lotion. Useful parts of Aloes are the latex and the gel. The gel is from the centre of the leaves and speeds up healing wounds by improving blood circulation and preventing cell death around the wound. Latex is obtained from the cells just beneath the leaf skin and contains chemicals that work as a laxative.
Aloe arborescens (krans-aloe)
A real stunner!
Aloe arborescens is a popular garden subject and a real stunner with its bright orange flowers in winter. The gel extracted from its leaves are been widely used to treat wounds and burns. It also has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects.
Aloe ferox
Bright fiery red flowers
Aloe ferox or bitter aloe is not only known for its bright fiery red flowers in winter but also for its juice as a strong purgative for both human and animal. It is also used to treat arthritis, eczema, hypertension, stress and high cholesterol. The leaves or roots boiled in water are used for these. The leave sap can be used for skin irritation bruises, burns and also wound healing. Aloe ferox can also be used to rid animals of ticks. It is an important export commodity and is used as an ingredient in several medicines, including the famous “Lewens Essence” and “Schwedens Bitters”. Aloe ferox was introduced to the early Dutch settlers by local tribes, and is still used, and is also considered South Africa’s main wild-harvested commercially traded species.
I hope you enjoyed learning about the medicinal value of succulents, Aloe and will look with new eyes at them when you walk past.
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Sedum plants are known as Stonecrop because of the saying that the only thing that lives longer than Sedum plants are stones. They are an easy-to-grow group of succulents that look great throughout the year.
The popular, adaptable Sedums are low-growing succulents with creeping stems and small, fleshy evergreen leaves in a tremendous variety of size, shapes, textures and colours. These forgiving plants are perhaps the most diverse of all the plants in the succulent world, and also the most widespread, ranging from Europe, Asia and Africa. The groundcover varieties spread easily, rooting as they grow along the soil and will fill the available space with a lush, undulating carpet that is easy to maintain. Their cascading growth makes them excellent plants for vertical gardens, hanging baskets, retaining walls, rock gardens, slope gardening and containers. Sedums grow best in compost-enriched sandy, free-draining soil in full sun. Although they like full sun, some of the highly variegated Sedums, like Sedum ‘Angelina’, need dappled sunlight to prevent sunburn. During early summer small star-shaped flowers in clusters appear which attracts different insects, butterflies and bees. Sedums are the ideal plant for that part of your garden that gets too much sun and is in need of water-wise plants.
Exotic Sedums for your garden:
Sedum lineare Variegata: Common name Sea Urchin; has pale green foliage with creamy white margins and bright yellow flowers in summer.
Sedum tetractinum ‘Coral Reef’: Flat growing Sedum with dark green round leaves and yellow flowers in summer.
Sedum rubrotinctum: ‘Jelly Bean’: Resembles childhood sweets and comes in many colours from dark green to red in increased heat and sun and yellow flowers in summer.
Sedum pachyphyllum: Also resembles jelly bean sweets but with blue-green fleshy leaves with the leaves tips tinged red. Yellow flowers in summer.
Sedum nussbaumerianum: Common name Coppertone Stone. This golden-leaved succulent on vertical rigid stems have long triangular leaves with rounded edges that go deep orange- gold in summer. Creamy white flowers in summer.
Sedum reflexum (rupestre) ‘Angelina’: Common name Golden Stonecrop. This fine-leaved Sedum, in bright yellow, needle-like foliage, is an eye-catching plant and prefers dappled sunlight to protect the leaves from sunburn. In spring, the leaves turn a lime green with bright yellow clusters of flowers on the tips of the stems. Good contrasting plant for hanging bowls and mixed containers.
Sedum reflexum (rupestre) and Sedum reflexum (rupestre) ‘Blue Spruce’: They are blue-grey Sedums with the ‘Blue Spruce’ the thicker fleshy foliage and taller grower. Creamy flowers in summer.
Sedum album Athoum: Flat, dark green growing Sedum with clusters of star-shaped flowers in summer. Forms a dense carpet.
Growing Sedum plants are easy and with a large variety to choose from, you will surely find a few that will work for your garden and brighten up your life.
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Trachelospermum jasminoides is an exceptional evergreen climber from China and is not only grown for its fragrant little white flowers, but also for its delicate foliage.
A truly lovely climber with a dense habit and glossy dark green leaves, with new growth in the spring showing as lime green. Noted for its diverse uses, either a climbing twining plant or as a low spreading groundcover plant. They twine themselves round anything and is famed for its reliability to cover anything. Particularly effective at providing screening for fences or for growing over trellises and pergolas. Trachelospermum jasminoides is also a good container plant with or without a framework. The fragrant, white, star-shaped flowers from October to January and are produced in abundant clusters, with a divine scent, especially at night.
Star Jasmine thrives in full sun to part shade and prefers fertile, well-drained soil, however, they need a fairly sheltered position from cold winds and frost. They are, also, drought tolerant when they are fully established. Fertilise them with compost after flowering and give them good mulch to keep the soil cool. They are fairly fast-growing once established.
Being low maintenance, prune groundcover plants after flowering and also trim climbing Star Jasmine to keep it neat. Be careful when pruning because the stem contains a white milky fluid that can irritate your skin.
Being fairly pest-free, fragrant, low maintenance and water-wise, the Star Jasmine deserves a place in every garden.
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Every year, nature provides us with an abundance of colourful autumn leaves. Instead of discarding fallen autumn leaves, use them to make a nourishing fertiliser for your garden. It costs nothing and is easily transformed into a nutrient-rich soil conditioner called leaf mould.
Making leaf mould will take time. Leaves will rot down slowly due to the action of fungi as opposed to the faster-acting bacteria responsible for compost. It’s a slow process, but the nutritious end product is well worth the wait.
How to make leaf mould:
Start by collecting fallen leaves (not green ones) in autumn, and pile them in a shaded corner of your garden. Keep it contained using wire mesh or alternatively simply place them in black plastic bags with holes in. To kick start decomposition, wet the leaves as you pile them into the heap or bags. Moisten them periodically, especially if you have put them in bags. Don’t add too many leaves to your heap as it can slow down decomposition – instead create a separate heap of autumn leaves. Turning your heap about once a month until it is fully decomposed, will speed up decomposition. After about 10 months your leaf mould should crumble easily and be ready for use.
Using leaf mould:
You can use it as a mulch around new seedlings, vegetables and newly planted trees and shrubs. You can also use it as a soil conditioner in borders and in potting soil. It improves sandy soil as well as the drainage of clay soil. It is superior soil conditioner!
Leaves of trees like maples and oaks contain a varying range of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and phosphorous. All these elements are important for healthy plants’ growth.
Leaf mould helps to decrease alkalinity of soil, and turning your garden waste into leaf mould is environmentally friendly.
Which leaves to use to make leave mould:
Leaves from deciduous trees, such as oaks and maples, are ideal in making leaf mould. Do not use leaves from evergreen trees or conifers, rather add them to a compost heap as they take longer to decay.
Pine needles are quite acidic, so add them to a separate heap for the use on acidic loving plants like Azaleas and Blueberries.
Leaf mould is a form of compost composed entirely of deciduous shade tree leaves. It is free and easy to make, but keep in mind, just like vintage port, it needs time and patience.
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